閱讀理解

Part II

Reading Comprehension(40 points)閱讀理解一

Passage One

A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster the report was published by the UK Royal commission on environmental Pollution but what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.

Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source exhaust fumes(煙氣). Also don t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.

Sitting on the drivers side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails but diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.

When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds so holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.

There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.

最近發(fā)布的一項報告給我們帶來了關(guān)于空氣污染的壞消息。報告表明，空氣污染可能會像暴露在19陽年烏克蘭核電災(zāi)難的輻射中一樣損害我們的健康。該報告是由英國皇家環(huán)境污染委員會發(fā)布。城市居民怎樣做才可以減少暴露于空氣污染呢？相當多，結(jié)果如下。  避免走在繁忙的街道上。選擇走人行道和公園。只需通過離開主要污染源—廢氣煙氣）幾米遠，污染程度都會大大降低。也不要在吸煙者后面走。在迎風(fēng)側(cè)的街道上走，這樣污染物可以比下風(fēng)側(cè)的街道上少和％。

坐在公共汽車里駕駛員一側(cè)與坐在靠人行道一側(cè)相比你曝露在污染物中會增加0％坐在雙層公共汽車的上層可以減少暴露在污染物中。很難說乘地鐵比乘公共汽車更好或更差。地鐵甲的空氣污染比在街頭往往毒性較低，因為地下污染主要是由被擊中軌道的微小的鐵顆粒組成。但是，還有一些柴油和汽油混合污染物。當你過馬路時，要站在離路邊遠的地方等信號燈。你接近交通每近一米就有很大的不同。當車輛開始移動時，氣體會在幾秒鐘內(nèi)減少。所以屏住呼吸一小會兒，受到的污染就會不同，即使這聽起來有點兒傻。

在交通高峰時間空氣污染有較大的突發(fā)性的增加。在夜間污染水平會下降。一年里不同的  時間也會有很大的不同。污染水平往往是在春秋時有風(fēng)的期間最低。極度的寒冷或炎熱的天氣  會有一種陷阱效應(yīng)．這時污染物易于積聚。

1.  What is the passage mainly about?答:How to breathe fresh air in big cities.

2.  According to the report, air pollution in big cities can be more serious than we used to think

3.  When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side where the wind is coming

4.  If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit on the right side in the bus

5.  It is implied in the passage that the air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous.

Passage Two

My father had a small business employing about 15 people at any given time. We sold all sorts of dairy products, and many more, from a small store in front of the dairy building. During the summer months, rows of eager tourists lined up at that ice cream counter for a taste of my fathers exquisite homemade ice cream.

Because it was an extremely busy little store, the employees had to work very quickly for hours at a time, with little rest. One day, in 1976, we had a new employee, Debbie, who wanted to work in the store for the summer. She had never done this type of work before, but planned to give it her all.

On her first day, Debbie made just about every mistake in the book. She added up the sales wrong on the cash register. She charged the wrong prices for items. She gave the wrong bag of food to the wrong customer. And she dropped and broke a half-gallon of milk.

I couldn’t stand watching her struggle any longer. I went into my father s office and said “please go out there and put her out of her misery.” I expected him to walk right into the store and fire her on the spot.

Since my father s office was situated within view of the sales counter, he had no doubt seen what I was talking about. He got up from his desk and walked over to Debbie, who was standing behind the counter.

“Debbie,” he said, as he put his hand gently on her shoulder. “I have been watching you and I saw how you treated Mrs. Forbush. Debbie's face began to flush, and she looked as if she was about to cry. She struggled to remember Mrs. Forbush from the many women she had given the wrong change to or spilled milk on.

My father continued. “I’ve never seen Mrs. Forbush be so polite before. You really .knew how to handle her. I am sure she is going to want you to wait on her every time comes in. Keep up the good work.”

My father was a wise and compassionate employer. Because of this, Debbie became loyal and hard-working employee for 16 years--and a friend for life.

我的父親有一個小商店一般情況下雇用約15個人。我們在乳品大樓前的一個小商店里出  售各種奶制品及其他食品。在夏天的幾個月里熱情的游客在冰淇淋柜臺前排起長隊來品嘗我  父親精心自制的冰淇淋。

因為這是一個非常忙碌的小商店，員工們必須很快地連續(xù)工作幾個小時很少有時間休息。均化年的―天，我們店里來了―個新員工，她叫戴比，她想在夏天里在商店工作。她以前從未過這種工作，但打算盡力去做。

  在她上班的第一天，戴比每一步都做得不對，她在收銀機上算錯了賬。她收錯了錢，她把食品袋給錯了客戶。而且她把半加侖牛奶弄掉地上摔碎了；  我實在看不下去了。我走進父親的辦公室說＂請您出去告訴她別讓她這么痛苦了＂我是希望他到店里去解雇她。

  我父親的辦公室能夠看到收銀臺，毫無疑問他看到了我說的情況，他從辦公桌起身走到戴  比面前．當時戴比是站在柜臺后面的。  他把手輕輕地放在她的肩上說＂戴比我一直看著你，我看到你是如何對待伏布什夫人的＂戴比的臉開始紅了起來，她看上去要哭。她努力回想起她給伏布什夫人找錯了錢或灑了牛奶的事。

我的父親繼續(xù)說“我從來沒有見過伏布什夫人在你面前的這種客氣之態(tài)，你真的知道如何接待她。我肯定她每次來都會要你給她服務(wù)。就這么好好干吧。

我的父親是一個聰明和富有同情心的老板。正因為這樣，戴比成為店里16年來忠誠和勤奮的員工也成了我們一生的朋友。

1.  The small business run by the author’s father was quite successful.

2.  The author considered Debbie’s mistakes as unbearable.

3.  When the author’s father first mentioned Mrs. Forbush, Debbie thought that she would be punished.

4.  The author’s father didn’t do what the author had suggested.

5.  It can be concluded from the way author’s father treated Debbie that encouragement can make people improve

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