2018年學位英語考試(模擬)
Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)
Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
Is that 6 a.m. workout getting in the way of good sleep? Don’t think your fat cells won’t notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰島素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.
The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there’ “an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight,”says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. (76) But Americans don’t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night. 但是美國人看起來還沒有理解/沒有知道我們每個晚上是需要睡七到九個小時。 More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average. So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night,” says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights ——but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. (77) Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. 布蘭迪解釋到脂肪細胞對缺少睡眠反應很明顯。“I was very surprised to be honest,” he says.
Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “Fat cells are actually your friend,” he says. “They’re there to store lipids (血脂).” When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you’re exercising or sleeping or going about your day. “However, when fat cells start to become insulin resistant, the lipids start to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.
1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT_____.
A. heart disease B. weight gain C. diabetes D. liver disease
2. The main idea of the third paragraph is_____
A. how to write a medical research paper
B. how to avoid sleep loss
C. how the research was conducted
D. how to conduct a medical experiment
3. What does the “l(fā)each” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Leap. B. Lead. C. Lean. D. Leak.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.
B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.
C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.
D. Fat cells are there to help us maintain a good health.
5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and Disease
B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study
C. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of Sleep
D. Bad Things Happen if Fat Cells Become Our Friend
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
The top of the world is a wonderland. In winter, the temperature often falls to -30°F and the sun never rises. The ocean is surrounded by frozen ground. There are few people or trees, but to polar bears, the Arctic(北極)is home.
(78) Polar bears have thick fur, big paws and other features that make them well prepared for life in their tough environment. 北極熊有著厚厚的皮毛,大大的熊掌以及其它的特征。這些特征可以使它們應對艱苦的環(huán)境。 In fact, they need the Arctic sea ice for survival. But climate change is causing larger and larger areas of summer sea ice to melt(融化). Experts say that if warming patterns continue, the Arctic could be free of summer sea ice by 2050. That may cause two-thirds of the world's 20,000 polar bears to be gone by then too. Polar bears can't survive for long on land. Seals are their main source of food. The only place where polar bears can hunt seals is on the ice. (79)
Although these bears are strong swimmers, they are no match for lightning swift seals in the water. 盡管這些北極熊游泳很好,但還是比不過敏捷快速的海豹。A polar bear has brilliantly clever strategies to overcome this disadvantage. In winter the bear waits motionless beside a seal's breathing hole, which is a narrow tunnel through the ice. Often many hours pass before the seal comes up for air and the bear kills it with a powerful blow of its paw. In summer, the polar bears that live on land eat very little and wait for the sea ice to return.
With the sea ice forming later in the year and melting earlier, polar bears do not have enough opportunity to hunt and eat. Less sea ice makes it harder for the bears to catch the seals. The bears must swim longer distances between ice packs(大片浮冰), and they can't always make it. The ice is also getting thinner. These conditions can cause polar-bear cubs to become separated from their mothers, who provide them with food. Steven Amstrup is the chief scientist of Polar Bears International. The group aims to save the bears and their home. "The more people who see polar bears and understand their difficult situation, the better the chance we'll alter our warming path in time to save them," he says.
6. Which is the best title for the passage? 主旨題
A. Climate Change in the Arctic
B. How to Protect the Environment
C. The Arctic is Home to Polar Bears
D. Polar Bears in Danger
7. Where do polar bears usually hunt seals?
A. On land B. In open water.
C. In openings in the sea ice. D. At the bottom of the sea.
8. The word "cubs" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to_____
A. adults B. babies C. hunters D. enemies
9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Starving polar bears are increasingly coming into villages, where they may be killed either for food or safety.
B. Polar bears can spend their entire lives on land if the sea ice melts completely.
C. Two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050 as global warming continues.
D. The growing distance between ice packs is not a problem for polar bears, because they are excellent swimmers.
10. What's the mission of Polar Bears International?
A. Saving energy. B. Conducting scientific research.
C. Seeking international cooperation. D. Saving polar bears and their home.
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate(有讀寫能力的) without any formal instruction. Most parents would be alarmed by such an approach, which would leave their children confused and with gaps in their understanding. This however has been the philosophy on character development in many of our schools. Why is the development of character seen as somehow different from the other skills that we teach?
Of course there will always be learning by osmosis(耳濡目染)in any school, but as a teacher and primary school head I have found that a child's moral literacy is strengthened when they acquire the building blocks of good character such as consideration, courage and honor: qualities which are commonly known as virtue(美德).
I personally find that exploring a virtue over a two-week period provides a simple and effective program that allows for the creative input of both teacher and student and a chance for the virtue to embed(使融入)itself. Once a lesson on a virtue such as honesty has been completed we need to allow time for children to practice this concept just as would be the case with fractions or verbs. Allowing children to role play a situation such as making up excuses to cover a mistake can be enormously interesting, and the drama can be frozen allowing the characters to be questioned about their feelings and motives. (80) It's also a safe way for children to experience for themselves how a lie usually goes out of control. 最安全的方法是讓孩子們自己體驗一個謊言是怎么失控的。 Our role as educators is also to look for opportunities to help our students as they attempt to strengthen their characters. When something goes wrong we guide the young person to the virtue that will prevent it from happening again. For instance, when a student thoughtlessly disturbs the calm atmosphere of the library, instead of a response such as, "that was really disrespectful and selfish of you!" we draw out from them the required virtue: "When you're walking through the library, what virtues do you need to use?"
11. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?
A. Teaching morals and values has been a frequently discussed topic in the past few years.
B. The author and his staff embed virtues into lessons and school life to encourage character development in children.
C. Kids throughout the population face the same needs, the same challenges, and the same realities in their lives.
D. Role plays are an excellent way of getting students to practice their English.
12. We can infer from the first paragraph that_.
A. there tends to be disagreement about what character education is
B. most parents are not satisfied with the teaching methods adopted in schools
C. the approach to character education is generally considered different from the approaches to other skills
D. more and more schools are adopting strategies to improve school attendance
13. The word "philosophy" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_
A. study B. subject C. viewpoint D. investigation
14. The author is a_____
A. teacher B. librarian C. reporter D. manager
15. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way to build character in children?
A. Story readings and discussions. B. Osmosis.
C. Taking every opportunity to teach character. D. Role play.
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (30%)
Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
16. So much _______ about his ships on the sea that he didn’t sleep for a single minute all night.
A. did he worry B. he did worry C. he worried D. worried be
So/such 放句首,句子倒裝 be/助動詞放在主語的前面
否定詞放句首引起句子的倒裝 no, neither, little, not only, hardly
Only 放句首句子倒裝
17. His new novel is said ______ into a film last year.
A. to make B. to have made C. to be made D. to have been made
To do 一般式
To be done 被動式
To have done 完成式
To have been done 完成+被動
18. He tried several times to pass the exam. _____ the end, he succeeded.
A. On B. In C. At D. By
In the end=at last=finally
19. The report of an earthquake(地震) in the south China Sea has not been _____ yet.
A. conflicted 沖突 B. confused 迷惑 C. confined 限制 D. confirmed 證實
形同義不同
20. The clouds are gathering. We’re better hurry and _____ the department store in case it rains.
A. hand in 上交 B. face up to 面臨 C. head for 朝。。。走去 D. back up 支持
21. There is only one boat ____ for hire. I’m afraid you have to wait for the next one.
A. superior 比。。優(yōu) superior to B. capable of 能夠 C. complicated 復雜的 D. available 可用的,現有的
There are many books available.
22. I think fishing is a nice hobby but needs a good deal of ______.
A. relation 關系 B. limitation 限制 C. strength 勇氣 D. patience 耐心
23. Finally we made a ______ that I should cook dinner and she would wash up after.
A. trip 旅行 B. bargain 交易/協議 C. face 面孔 D. fool
24. The old man was found ______ on the floor.
A. lying dead B. lying death C. laying dead D. laying death
Find + doing 動詞和主語是主動關系
Find+ done 動詞和主語是被動關系
Find +介詞短語
I find her waiting for me at the gate.
I find
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